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August 10, 2022
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September 15, 2022
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Abstract
This study aimed at discovering the factors of VSP app adoption by RMP in law enforcement particulary towards crime prevention. Using qualitative methodology of case study design, significant discoveries were obtained through in-depth interviews with five VSP Enforcers from the Crime Prevention and Community Safety department or Jabatan Pencegahan Jenayah dan Keselamatan Komuniti (JPJKK) of Bukit Aman representing the Royal Malaysia Police. The NVivo 12.0 software was used in the process of open, axial and selective coding. The data were analzed by applying the thematic analysis. The result indicates that the RMP utilizes VSP application due to five salient factors that are; VSP acts as a prevention tool, identity protection, an espionage medium, comprehensible and last but not least, RMP utilizes VSP app in law enforcement in particular to prevent crime due to its functionality.
Keywords
Volunteer Smartphone Patrol (VSP), Law enforcement, Crime prevention, Technology Acceptance, Community policing.
Article Details
How to Cite
The VSP App Adoption by Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) in Law Enforcement. (2022). Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 4(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.127
How to Cite
The VSP App Adoption by Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) in Law Enforcement. (2022). Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 4(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.127
References
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Adukaite, A., Reimann, A. M., Marchiori, E., & Cantoni, L. (2013). Hotel Mobile Apps. The Case of 4 and 5 Star Hotels in European German-Speaking Countries. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 (pp. 45–57). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_4
Altunbas, F. (2013). Social media in policing: A study of Dallas-Fort Worth area city police departments. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1667406095?accountid=26642%5Cnhttp://link.periodicos.capes.gov.br/sfxlcl41?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Globa
Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573
Brainard, L., & Edlins, M. (2015). Top 10 U.S. Municipal Police Departments and Their Social Media Usage. American Review of Public Administration, 45(6), 728–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014524478
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.sxf.uevora.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Charmaz_2006.pdf
Colvin, C. A., & Goh, A. (2005). Validation of the technology acceptance model for police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.10.009
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design : choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. California: SAGE Publications.
Crump, J. (2011). What Are the Police Doing on Twitter? Social Media, the Police and the Public. Policy & Internet, 3(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1130
Deloitte. (2015). The Digital Policing Journey: From Concept to Reality Realising the Benefits of Transformative Technology. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf%0Ahttp://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Department of Statistics Malaysia Press Release Crime Statistics, Malaysia, 2018.
Economic Planning Unit of Malaysian Prime Minister’s Department. (2015). Eleventh Malaysian Plan 2016-2020: Anchoring Growth on People. Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK11_Speech.pdf
Elphick, C., Philpot, R., Zhang, M., Stuart, A., Walkington, Z., Frumkin, L. A., … Nuseibeh, B. (2021). Building trust in digital policing: a scoping review of community policing apps. Police Practice and Research, 22(5), 1469–1491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1861449
Fatih, T., & Bekir, C. (2015). Police Use of Technology To Fight. Police Use of Technology To Fight Against Crime, 11(10), 286–296.
Harsh, S. (2011). Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63–75. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/920894910/41BC710066204835PQ/1?accountid=13042
Harun, M., Che Hamid, M., & Kassim, A. (2018). The Use Of volunteer Smartphone Application ( VSP ) As A Distributor Of Information Among People With Perak RMP. 7(12), 40–44.
Hercegovac, S., Kernot, J., & Stanley, M. (2020). How Qualitative Case Study Methodology Informs Occupational Therapy Practice: A Scoping Review. OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health, 40(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1539449219850123
Houle, S. (2017). What is the Impact of Social Media on Law Enforcement Practices? Retrieved from https://cjonline.uc.edu/resources/news/can-social-media-actually-help-law-enforcement/
Hu, X., & Lovrich, N. P. (2019). Social media and the police: A study of organizational characteristics associated with the use of social media. Policing, 42(4), 654–670. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2018-0139
Liou, K. T. (2019). Technology application and police management: issues and challenges. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 22(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-07-2018-0084
Merriam , S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Ministry of Home Affairs Malaysia. (2022). Volunteer Smartphone Patrol (VSP). Retrieved August 7, 2022, from https://www.moha.gov.my/index.php/ms/terkini/3409-volunteer-smartphone-patrol-vsp
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods.
Park, S., Ilincai, E. S., Oh, J., Kwon, S., Mizouni, R., & Lee, U. (2017). Facilitating pervasive community policing on the road with mobile roadwatch. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025867
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Retrieved from https://www.gwern.net/docs/sociology/1980-patton-qualitativeevaluationmethods.pdf
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004
Royal Malaysia Police. (2022). Polis Diraja Malaysia. Retrieved June 25, 2022, from https://www.rmp.gov.my/infor-korporate/polis-diraja-malaysia
Snively, D. (2016). Effective Social Media Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: A Case Study Approach to Quantifying and Improving Efficacy and Developing Agency Best Practices Law Enforcement Agencies’ College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Justifiable. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316540149
Spanoudaki, E., Ioannou, M., Synnott, J., Tzani-Pepelasi, C., & Pylarinou, N. R. (2019). Investigative decision-making: interviews with detectives. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 9(2), 88–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-02-2018-0005
Tarute, A., Nikou, S., & Gatautis, R. (2017). Mobile application driven consumer engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.006
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2014). Mass Media Research: An Introduction 10th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Yin, R. K. (1984). Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Zhang, M., Price, B., & Keynes, M. (2020). Finding & Evaluating Community Policing apps in Asia.
Zhao, Z., & Balagué, C. (2015). Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and recommendations. Business Horizons, 58(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.01.004
References
Adukaite, A., Reimann, A. M., Marchiori, E., & Cantoni, L. (2013). Hotel Mobile Apps. The Case of 4 and 5 Star Hotels in European German-Speaking Countries. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2014 (pp. 45–57). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03973-2_4
Altunbas, F. (2013). Social media in policing: A study of Dallas-Fort Worth area city police departments. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1667406095?accountid=26642%5Cnhttp://link.periodicos.capes.gov.br/sfxlcl41?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Globa
Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573
Brainard, L., & Edlins, M. (2015). Top 10 U.S. Municipal Police Departments and Their Social Media Usage. American Review of Public Administration, 45(6), 728–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014524478
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.sxf.uevora.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Charmaz_2006.pdf
Colvin, C. A., & Goh, A. (2005). Validation of the technology acceptance model for police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.10.009
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design : choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. California: SAGE Publications.
Crump, J. (2011). What Are the Police Doing on Twitter? Social Media, the Police and the Public. Policy & Internet, 3(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1130
Deloitte. (2015). The Digital Policing Journey: From Concept to Reality Realising the Benefits of Transformative Technology. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf%0Ahttp://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Department of Statistics Malaysia Press Release Crime Statistics, Malaysia, 2018.
Economic Planning Unit of Malaysian Prime Minister’s Department. (2015). Eleventh Malaysian Plan 2016-2020: Anchoring Growth on People. Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK11_Speech.pdf
Elphick, C., Philpot, R., Zhang, M., Stuart, A., Walkington, Z., Frumkin, L. A., … Nuseibeh, B. (2021). Building trust in digital policing: a scoping review of community policing apps. Police Practice and Research, 22(5), 1469–1491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1861449
Fatih, T., & Bekir, C. (2015). Police Use of Technology To Fight. Police Use of Technology To Fight Against Crime, 11(10), 286–296.
Harsh, S. (2011). Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63–75. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/920894910/41BC710066204835PQ/1?accountid=13042
Harun, M., Che Hamid, M., & Kassim, A. (2018). The Use Of volunteer Smartphone Application ( VSP ) As A Distributor Of Information Among People With Perak RMP. 7(12), 40–44.
Hercegovac, S., Kernot, J., & Stanley, M. (2020). How Qualitative Case Study Methodology Informs Occupational Therapy Practice: A Scoping Review. OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health, 40(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1539449219850123
Houle, S. (2017). What is the Impact of Social Media on Law Enforcement Practices? Retrieved from https://cjonline.uc.edu/resources/news/can-social-media-actually-help-law-enforcement/
Hu, X., & Lovrich, N. P. (2019). Social media and the police: A study of organizational characteristics associated with the use of social media. Policing, 42(4), 654–670. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2018-0139
Liou, K. T. (2019). Technology application and police management: issues and challenges. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 22(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-07-2018-0084
Merriam , S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Ministry of Home Affairs Malaysia. (2022). Volunteer Smartphone Patrol (VSP). Retrieved August 7, 2022, from https://www.moha.gov.my/index.php/ms/terkini/3409-volunteer-smartphone-patrol-vsp
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods.
Park, S., Ilincai, E. S., Oh, J., Kwon, S., Mizouni, R., & Lee, U. (2017). Facilitating pervasive community policing on the road with mobile roadwatch. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025867
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Retrieved from https://www.gwern.net/docs/sociology/1980-patton-qualitativeevaluationmethods.pdf
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004
Royal Malaysia Police. (2022). Polis Diraja Malaysia. Retrieved June 25, 2022, from https://www.rmp.gov.my/infor-korporate/polis-diraja-malaysia
Snively, D. (2016). Effective Social Media Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: A Case Study Approach to Quantifying and Improving Efficacy and Developing Agency Best Practices Law Enforcement Agencies’ College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Justifiable. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316540149
Spanoudaki, E., Ioannou, M., Synnott, J., Tzani-Pepelasi, C., & Pylarinou, N. R. (2019). Investigative decision-making: interviews with detectives. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 9(2), 88–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-02-2018-0005
Tarute, A., Nikou, S., & Gatautis, R. (2017). Mobile application driven consumer engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.006
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2014). Mass Media Research: An Introduction 10th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Yin, R. K. (1984). Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Zhang, M., Price, B., & Keynes, M. (2020). Finding & Evaluating Community Policing apps in Asia.
Zhao, Z., & Balagué, C. (2015). Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and recommendations. Business Horizons, 58(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.01.004
Altunbas, F. (2013). Social media in policing: A study of Dallas-Fort Worth area city police departments. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1667406095?accountid=26642%5Cnhttp://link.periodicos.capes.gov.br/sfxlcl41?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+%26+theses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+%26+Theses+Globa
Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544–559. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573
Brainard, L., & Edlins, M. (2015). Top 10 U.S. Municipal Police Departments and Their Social Media Usage. American Review of Public Administration, 45(6), 728–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014524478
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.sxf.uevora.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Charmaz_2006.pdf
Colvin, C. A., & Goh, A. (2005). Validation of the technology acceptance model for police. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(1), 89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.10.009
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design : choosing among five approaches. Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. California: SAGE Publications.
Crump, J. (2011). What Are the Police Doing on Twitter? Social Media, the Police and the Public. Policy & Internet, 3(4), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1130
Deloitte. (2015). The Digital Policing Journey: From Concept to Reality Realising the Benefits of Transformative Technology. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf%0Ahttp://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/uk/Documents/public-sector/deloitte-uk-ps-digital-police-force.pdf
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2018). Department of Statistics Malaysia Press Release Crime Statistics, Malaysia, 2018.
Economic Planning Unit of Malaysian Prime Minister’s Department. (2015). Eleventh Malaysian Plan 2016-2020: Anchoring Growth on People. Retrieved from https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/speech/files/RMK11_Speech.pdf
Elphick, C., Philpot, R., Zhang, M., Stuart, A., Walkington, Z., Frumkin, L. A., … Nuseibeh, B. (2021). Building trust in digital policing: a scoping review of community policing apps. Police Practice and Research, 22(5), 1469–1491. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1861449
Fatih, T., & Bekir, C. (2015). Police Use of Technology To Fight. Police Use of Technology To Fight Against Crime, 11(10), 286–296.
Harsh, S. (2011). Purposeful Sampling in Qualitative Research Synthesis. Qualitative Research Journal, 11(2), 63–75. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/920894910/41BC710066204835PQ/1?accountid=13042
Harun, M., Che Hamid, M., & Kassim, A. (2018). The Use Of volunteer Smartphone Application ( VSP ) As A Distributor Of Information Among People With Perak RMP. 7(12), 40–44.
Hercegovac, S., Kernot, J., & Stanley, M. (2020). How Qualitative Case Study Methodology Informs Occupational Therapy Practice: A Scoping Review. OTJR Occupation, Participation and Health, 40(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1539449219850123
Houle, S. (2017). What is the Impact of Social Media on Law Enforcement Practices? Retrieved from https://cjonline.uc.edu/resources/news/can-social-media-actually-help-law-enforcement/
Hu, X., & Lovrich, N. P. (2019). Social media and the police: A study of organizational characteristics associated with the use of social media. Policing, 42(4), 654–670. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-09-2018-0139
Liou, K. T. (2019). Technology application and police management: issues and challenges. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 22(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-07-2018-0084
Merriam , S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
Ministry of Home Affairs Malaysia. (2022). Volunteer Smartphone Patrol (VSP). Retrieved August 7, 2022, from https://www.moha.gov.my/index.php/ms/terkini/3409-volunteer-smartphone-patrol-vsp
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods.
Park, S., Ilincai, E. S., Oh, J., Kwon, S., Mizouni, R., & Lee, U. (2017). Facilitating pervasive community policing on the road with mobile roadwatch. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025867
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Retrieved from https://www.gwern.net/docs/sociology/1980-patton-qualitativeevaluationmethods.pdf
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004
Royal Malaysia Police. (2022). Polis Diraja Malaysia. Retrieved June 25, 2022, from https://www.rmp.gov.my/infor-korporate/polis-diraja-malaysia
Snively, D. (2016). Effective Social Media Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: A Case Study Approach to Quantifying and Improving Efficacy and Developing Agency Best Practices Law Enforcement Agencies’ College Education Hiring Requirements and Racial Differences in Justifiable. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316540149
Spanoudaki, E., Ioannou, M., Synnott, J., Tzani-Pepelasi, C., & Pylarinou, N. R. (2019). Investigative decision-making: interviews with detectives. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 9(2), 88–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-02-2018-0005
Tarute, A., Nikou, S., & Gatautis, R. (2017). Mobile application driven consumer engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.01.006
Wimmer, R. D., & Dominick, J. R. (2014). Mass Media Research: An Introduction 10th Edition. Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Yin, R. K. (1984). Case Study Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Zhang, M., Price, B., & Keynes, M. (2020). Finding & Evaluating Community Policing apps in Asia.
Zhao, Z., & Balagué, C. (2015). Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and recommendations. Business Horizons, 58(3), 305–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.01.004