Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ)
type: channel
description: Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ) is one of the official journals of the UCYP University, Malaysia and a double-blind peer-reviewed international journal. The principal purpose of the journal is to publish scholarly work in the Social Science and Humanities. The research that is published may take a theoretical or speculative model as well as statistical and mathematical. Contributions are welcome from all fields, which have relevant and insightful comments to make about the Social Science and Humanities. All papers are subject to a double-blind peer-review process based on an initial screening by the editor criteria for evaluation include a significant contribution to the field, conceptual quality, appropriate methodology and clarity of exposition.
publisher: UCYP Press, UCYP University
language: en
publication name: Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ)
issn: 2636-9109
items: Fiqh Al-Bi’ah: The Interdisciplinary of Economics and Technology Aiming for Environmental Sustainability in The State of Pahang
items: Creativity in Studio Based Architecture Learning from Islamic Perspective
items: The Degree of Readiness in Practicing ESG Concepts in Higher Learning Institutions
items: The Factors That Influence Unemployment Among Fresh Graduates
items: A Systematic Review on The Preservice Teachers' Psychological Competency: Research Trends and Areas of Interest
items: Sustainable Tourism Development Issues: An Assessment Towards the Urban and Communities of Malacca Historical City
items: Factors Militating Against Federal Government of Nigeria’s Affordable Housing Delivery Programme
items: Case Study of Effectiveness Using the Pahang Dialect in Advertisement
items: Specialised Attire for Building Construction Workers: The Research Conducted in Tanah Merah Housing Development
items: A Systematic Literature Review of Waqf’s Triple Role on Economy, Society and Environment
items: The Relationship Between BCG Model and the Future of Tourism Industries
items: Building Organizational Sustainability through Intercultural Communication via Vision, Mission, and Core Value
items: Market Method and Process for Selling Agriculture Products through Online Channels via Groups of High-Selling Farmers
items: Utilisation of Four Pillars NLP Technique in Studying Creative and Innovative Communication for Learning English Achievement
items: Students’ Satisfaction towards Online Learning: A Longitudinal Study
items: Emergency Proclamation through Laws Regulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
items: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Readiness towards Halal Food Supply Chain in Malaysia
items: Language Planning in Character & Citizenship Education (Mother Tongue Languages) on Students' Cultural Sensitivity and Heritage Awareness in a Primary School in Singapore: A Case Study
items: Analysis of the Implementation and Implications of Waqf Projects in Malaysia Based on Maqasid Al-Shariah
items: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Quranic Memorization: Benefits, Methods, and Innovations
items: Evaluation of Cambridge Math Series for Grades 4 & 8 in Oman using TIMSS 2019 Standards
items: Identifying Effectiveness of Photography as a Visual Communication Tool for Enhancing Public Awareness of Environmental Issues
items: Analysis of Academic Capabilities, Financial Awards, and Job Market Considerations on Interest in Career Interest as Public Accountants
items: Interactional Patterns in ESP Online Teaching Mode at the Fifth Semester of English Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Medan
items: Students’ Participation in Online Discussion of ESP Course through Team Based Project
items: Linguistic Landscape at Businesses Nameplate in Medan
items: Developing Story Telling Performance Model in Improving Students’ Self Confidence
items: Measurement Model and Adaptation of Self-Efficacy toward Mathematics Reasoning among University Students
items: Developing Hydrotheology Concept in Islamic Perspective
items: Tertiary Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning Strategies in Remote Learning Environment at Covid-19 Pandemic Era

Fiqh Al-Bi’ah: The Interdisciplinary of Economics and Technology Aiming for Environmental Sustainability in The State of Pahang
type: item
description: Fiqh al-Bi’ah constitutes a Shariah-based legal framework that guides human interaction with the natural environment in a sustainable manner, emphasising the role of humans as khalifah (steward) of Allah. This legal framework serves as an effective mechanism for addressing contemporary environmental challenges in the state of Pahang, such as solid waste management, flood disasters, deforestation, water piping systems, and other forms of environmental pollution. Therefore, this study aims to examine the application of Fiqh al-Bi’ah as a mechanism to ensure environmental sustainability through the integration of economic and technological approaches. This study adopts a qualitative research design by employing an inductive analysis of both primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal that the Fiqh al-Bi’ah approach offers an effective solution for preserving environmental sustainability in Pahang, grounded in the dharuriyyah principles of Maqasid al-Shariah, namely the preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Furthermore, the principles of Fiqh al-Bi’ah are compatible with the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasise the sustainable management of natural resources to ensure their continued availability for present and future generations. The integration of Fiqh al-Bi’ah principles with innovation in the sector of economy and technology have the potential to serve as a holistic model of environmental management under the framework of Islamic Shariah. This literature-based analysis is expected to contribute to the development of practical and realistic ideas for formulating more sustainable environmental policies without marginalising the Shariah principles ordained by Allah SWT.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiqh al-Biah
  topic: keywords
creator: Azhar Jaafar
creator: Nawaj Nadzri
creator: Siti Jamilah Mohd Sukri
creator: Norazman Lot
creator: Ahmad Syahid Azalan
creator: Khairunnisa Mohad Khazin
creator: Mu'az Zakaria
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Azhar Jaafar , Nawaj Nadzri , Siti Jamilah Mohd Sukri, Norazman Lot, Ahmad Syahid Azalan , Khairunnisa Mohad Khazin , Mu'az Zakaria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-13
publication date: 2026-07-13
doi: 10.37698/yv9zdk62

Creativity in Studio Based Architecture Learning from Islamic Perspective
type: item
description: Creativity is a unique trait and attribute defining the higher level of educational taxonomy. In Architectural education, creativity is one of the main objectives of learning output and outcome. It is also a pre-requisite of enrolment that is required by all architectural schools in the world. Creativity becomes a major component in the framework of architecture education worldwide. It plays a crucial role in design education. Despite the growth of architecture schools offering design education particularly in studio-based architecture learning, there is lack of research and finding that can define creativity from Islamic perspective. In Islam, creativity is often understood as a reflection of human beings' innate ability to think, imagine, and innovate, which are perceived as gifts from Allah (God). This study aims to investigate and to construct a principle of creativity as underlined by the Quran for Architecture and design-based education. The research approach will mainly be focusing on experimentation of Islamic teachings with the aid of case study in architecture studio-based learning output. The comparison of theoretical finding with the actual case in teaching and learning output in the studio will be discussed through studio rubric and marking system with expert consolidation. The finding underscores the connection between the attribute of creativity in Islam with the teaching methodologies and student learning outcome in architectural studio. The finding suggests several alignments on conventional educational taxonomy by incorporating Islamic creativity principles that align with ethical and moral values, emphasizing that the outcome of creative endeavors should contribute to the betterment of human being and harmonize with nature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: creativity
  topic: keywords
subject: studio-based architecture learning
  topic: keywords
subject: architecture design studio
  topic: keywords
subject: Principless of Islamic creativity
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Hazwan Hamidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 © Mohd Hazwan bin Hamidi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6
doi: 10.37698/5rapm960

The Degree of Readiness in Practicing ESG Concepts in Higher Learning Institutions
type: item
description: Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) emerged as one of the competitive strategies, especially after the world experienced financial turbulence due to the pandemic. The unprecedented situation raises alarm in managing risks, and an increasing number of organisations choose sustainability as their agenda to grow. Most banks started implementing ESG due to its risk management capability, and the concept captured most of the investors’ attention. ESG is seen as a strategy opted for Corporate Financial Performance, and few were seen in higher learning institutions due to the nature of education. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the understanding of ESG concepts in higher learning institutions apart from identifying the degree of readiness upon ESG concepts and the strategies in dealing with the readiness. The current study adopted the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J4000 standard model that is duly modified to meet the needs of educational practice. Quantitative descriptive analysis is used to analyse the data collected from several higher learning institutions. Based on the previous studies, it is expected that the degree of readiness varies based on the respondents’ background knowledge, designation, goals, and strategy of the institution. The current study could lead to significant findings of ESG implementation in higher learning institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Degree of Readiness, ESG Concepts, Higher Learning Institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Suhaila Mukhtar
creator: Normadiana A Manan
creator: Farah Hariaty Mohd Shukri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Suhaila Mukhtar, Normadiana A Manan, Farah Hariaty Mohd Shukri
date: 2023-03-30
publication date: 2023-03-30
starting page: 48
ending page: 55
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i1.261

The Factors That Influence Unemployment Among Fresh Graduates
type: item
description: Unemployment among fresh graduates remains a pressing concern influenced by various interconnected factors. This study delves into the intricate relationships between compensation, level of expectation, work experience, and job scope towards the unemployment experienced by fresh graduates. Employing a qualitative method approach, this research aims to comprehensively analyze these factors and the impacts of prolonged unemployment on fresh graduates. Referring to the analysis, the level of expectation became the strongest factor influencing unemployment among fresh graduates, with r = .669, p < 0.05. Meanwhile, the highest impact on prolonged unemployment among fresh graduates is poverty. The research offers actionable insights for educational institutions, employers, policymakers, and career advisors to refine strategies to bridge the gap between graduate skills, market demands, and employment opportunities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Unemployment, Fresh Graduates, Compensation, Level of Expectation
  topic: keywords
creator: Anis Amirah Mohd
creator: Musalmah Mat Ali
creator: Norkarima Iqlima Mohd Roazi
creator: Omar Faruk
creator: Fatin Fazrida Peros Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Fatin Fazrida Peros Khan, Anis Amirah Mohd, Musalmah Mat Ali, Norkarima Iqlima Mohd Roazi, Omar Faruk
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 39
ending page: 47
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i1.258

A Systematic Review on The Preservice Teachers' Psychological Competency: Research Trends and Areas of Interest
type: item
description: This literature review delves into the realm of preservice teachers' psychological competency through an analysis of 191 primary studies from 2475 taken based on “preservice teachers, “psychological competency development”, “teachers training programs” keywords. The distribution of these studies over the years demonstrates the evolving interest in this subject. Recent years have witnessed a surge in publications, particularly since 2021, signifying the contemporary relevance of research in this domain. The dispersion of these studies across 187 different journals underscores that research on preservice teachers' psychological competency is not confined to a single academic outlet, highlighting its importance for future researchers. Qualitative methods prominently emerge as the preferred research approach, reflecting a focus on exploring various facets of this topic. The review also identifies 187 researchers actively contributing to this field, with minimal overlap in their publications, indicating a scarcity of studies within this area. Consequently, pinpointing the most active and influential researcher remains elusive due to the infrequency of their contributions. Within the scope of preservice teachers' psychological competency, five primary research themes have emerged: competency development, preservice teachers' perceptions, preservice teachers' readiness, technology-based competency and competency evaluation. These themes underscore the multifaceted nature of research in the field of Educational Psychology and highlight the areas of current focus in this dynamic domain.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: preservice teachers, psychological competency development, teachers training programs
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhlison
creator: Liah Rosdiani Nasution
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muhlison, Liah Rosdiani Nasution
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i2.233

Sustainable Tourism Development Issues: An Assessment Towards the Urban and Communities of Malacca Historical City
type: item
description: In the targets stated in Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 11, we identified Malacca City from its initiative through various sustainable policies they have implemented. The city’s Green City Action Plan (2014) was established based on the 14 SDG’s main goals and outlines three key tourism sustainable development issues in Melaka in conserving its culture and heritage. Therefore, a precise problem statement was established from these issues: tourism development affects heritage sustainability and escalates conflicts on the host community's needs. Three objectives were derived from this study: to study the impact of tourism intensity in Malacca city, to evaluate the maintenance of historic properties and heritage areas in Malacca city, and to analyse the conflicts between tourism goals, heritage properties and the interests of residents. The data collection for this study was done through Google Forms, the quantitative data collection platform. The survey questionnaire was divided into four main sections: section A was for demographics, while sections B, C, and D were for the three indicators to be measured for this research. A multi-criteria option was used for section A while the remaining used a 5-level Likert to obtain the final score of the Sustainable Development Goals 11 performance in Malacca City. A total of 39 questionnaires that represented different perspectives were distributed to various respondents through Google Forms. Based on the analysis, the score for the overall SDG indicator stands at 74 %, which means a moderate level of sustainable city and community being implemented in Melaka City. Tourism is growing, and many tourists are happy to explore the beauty of Melaka, including culture and heritage. Maintenance of this treasure is essential as Melaka is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The influx of tourists brings many socio-economic benefits to the local community, and there is no rejection towards the development. However, the state government an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical City
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Azam Azizan Azizol
creator: Siti Nur Ilyana Shaharin
creator: Illy Najihah Mohad Khazin
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Azam Azizan Azizol, Siti Nur Ilyana Shaharin, Illy Najihah Mohad Khazin
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i2.259

Factors Militating Against Federal Government of Nigeria’s Affordable Housing Delivery Programme
type: item
description: The housing unit deficit has been a problem for a long time in Nigeria. Successive governments have tried different methods aimed at providing affordable housing for Nigerians. In this study, the authors examine efforts by President Mohammed Buhari to provide decent and affordable housing to Nigerians during his administration, 2015 – 2023. Also evaluated was the degree of success of the president's poverty alleviation programme and job creation scheme for Nigerian youths. The study used secondary data. The specific objective was to analyse the extent to which the president has tackled the housing unit deficit through the following programmes: National Housing Programme (NHP), Family Home Fund Limited (FHF), and National Housing Fund (NHF). Relevant literature was reviewed. The findings revealed that the present administration established the FHF in 2017, and the sum of N1.5 trillion was invested into it, with the mandate to build 500,000 housing units yearly and create 1.5 million jobs, among others. The target audience could not afford to pay for the houses due to their high price. Despite heavy investment of funds, the programme failed due to poor management and corruption. The study recommended that the federal government partner with the private sector to provide mass affordable housing units. Only people with proven integrity and experience in social housing delivery should be appointed to head home ownership schemes in the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Affordable Housing, Buhari Administration, Programme, Government, Poverty Alleviation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ochuko Samuel Alagba
creator: Ediri Joseph Ugherughe
creator: Rita Egiugbo
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ochuko Samuel Alagba, Ediri Joseph Ugherughe, Rita Egiugbo
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 20
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i2.260

Case Study of Effectiveness Using the Pahang Dialect in Advertisement
type: item
description: An anecdote of setting foot in the state of Pahang Darul Makmur is about the dialect. For the residents here, the dialect of each district is influenced by its river currents; if the river's current is heavy, then the speed of his speech and vice versa. The extent of this anecdote is true or not known because it is not supported by scientific evidence. However, it is not a question because what is interesting nowadays is that the use of the dialect has grown in advertising models in the state, either in the form of mass media or print media. The use of dialects is now not only focused on the broadcast sector but has also begun to be introduced through digital and conventional advertising, especially in that country. The use of dialects such as "moh ler ke Pahang", which originates from the district of Temerloh, or "sedakk pepalehhh", which originates from Kuala Lipis and so on, are among the dialects that are often heard and have now become model in the formation and filling in an advertisement, especially in the state. Therefore, this search or study is made by reviewing all the use of dialects in an advertising model and the extent to which it is affected and influenced by the local community and those who come from outside Pahang. The importance of this study is also to make the Pahang dialect one of the Malay universal dialects comparable with other dialect states in Malaysia. This research aims to identify the awareness about the impact of using the Pahang dialect in advertisements throughout the district. This research will analyse the effectiveness of the Pahang Malay dialect made by the 11-district council in Pahang Darul Makmur in the advertisement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pahang Dialect, Advertisement, Effectiveness, Culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Tengku Mohd Faizul Tengku Abdul Kadir
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Tengku Mohd Faizul Tengku Abdul Kadir
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 11
ending page: 21
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i1.245

Specialised Attire for Building Construction Workers: The Research Conducted in Tanah Merah Housing Development
type: item
description: Construction sites are known to exhibit hot and harsh environments. Highly physically demanding tasks done by the construction workers made them one of the highest physical to heat stress-related cases globally (Lee, 2020). Besides, jobs such as building construction are precarious and dangerous jobs. A common problem often faced by building construction workers is exposure to the scorching sun's heat while working. There is a need to investigate how to keep building construction workers healthy. The objective is to study the characteristics and type of a construction uniform. Moreover, it examines creative and innovative functional ideas for controlling body temperature while working in the hot sun. There needs to be more research on housing construction workers to raise awareness of the importance of wearing the proper uniform to maintain health and avoid hazards. This study showed that humans must maintain a body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius and cannot work in hot environments to prevent heat stroke, cramps, and fainting. Researchers produce functional Hi-vis to maintain body temperature in a hot climate to care for workers' health. The concept used is natural ventilation that will be made by manipulating clothing patterns. The idea is from the analysis results done through Google Forms and observation. The development of the findings through Google form shows that the respondent often sweats on the chest and back; this further strengthens the researcher's study to produce Hi-vis clothing for housing construction workers. This Hi-vis clothing is for comfort and durability when housing construction workers work in a high-heat environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multi-Functional Fashion, Temperature of Body, Housing Construction Workers
  topic: keywords
creator: Ros Salsabila Mohd Zaki
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Ros Salsabila Mohd Zaki
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 22
ending page: 38
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i1.246

A Systematic Literature Review of Waqf’s Triple Role on Economy, Society and Environment
type: item
description: The contribution of waqf goes beyond traditional charity, acting as a multifaceted force stimulating economic development, fostering social empowerment, and contributing to sustainable environmental practices. In this systematic literature analysis, 29 publications are scrutinised, employing the PRISMA Flow Diagram and using a thorough search strategy encompassing Scopus and Web of Science indexes to explore the all-encompassing roles of waqf. Based on expert validation, these articles are categorised into three roles i.e., economic, social, and environmental. Economically, waqf addresses financial challenges through benevolent lending, supports entrepreneurs, creates employment, and mitigates poverty. Socially, it ensures access to food, funds education and healthcare, fosters entrepreneurship, provides affordable housing, and proposes innovative takaful products for flood protection. Environmentally, waqf serves as a funding source for rainforest conservation and supports agribusiness and green energy practices, thus indirectly optimises land use. Evolving from its religious roots, waqf has become a versatile tool addressing economic, social, and environmental challenges, highlighting its adaptability and significance in meeting contemporary societal needs across diverse sectors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Waqf
  topic: keywords
subject: Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Society
  topic: keywords
subject: Environment
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman
creator: Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman, Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
date: 2024-02-05
publication date: 2024-02-05
starting page: 28
ending page: 41
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i2.262

The Relationship Between BCG Model and the Future of Tourism Industries
type: item
description: This research aims to study the factors of tourism that utilize BCG (Bio-Circular Green Economy) as a foundation and to explore the factors that create a relationship between BCG and future tourist destinations. This research is a qualitative study conducted with a group of university professors specializing in tourism and business management who possess knowledge and experience in tourism and utilize BCG as a part of the tourist destination. There were a total of 10 participants. The data collection method for this research involved using interview questions prepared based on literature reviews and interviews. The focus was on factors related to cultural communication, sustainability, technology utilization, the use of the BCG model in business, agricultural industry development, marketing factors, the perceived value of BCG, and the benefits of BCG. The period starts from September 2023 to October 2023. The results indicate that all the above-mentioned factors impact the relationship between BCG and future tourist destinations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BCG, Tourism Factor, Future Tourist Destinations, Benefits of BCG
  topic: keywords
creator: Jomsurang Vasasiri
creator: Anamai Damnet
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Jomsurang Vasasiri, Anamai Damnet
date: 2024-03-30
publication date: 2024-03-30
starting page: 16
ending page: 26
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i1.289

Building Organizational Sustainability through Intercultural Communication via Vision, Mission, and Core Value
type: item
description: The objective of this practical research is to explore sustainable growth practices aligned with the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) framework through the communication of culture via Vision, Mission, and Core Value. To investigate the policy alignment with ESG principles across all three dimensions: Environmental (E), Social (S), and Governance (G), as well as best practices for Intercultural Communication alignment with sustainable organizational growth guidelines. Data collection through the 56-1 One Report (annual reports) and corporate information from various sources was to examine Intercultural Communication within the context of ESG through Vision, Mission, and Core Value. alignment, a total of 20 companies were studied. The research process involved summarizing and analyzing the content, as well as linking research findings to content results. The research findings revealed that Intercultural Communication for sustainable company growth under the ESG framework emphasizes communication through the Mission. It was found that companies primarily communicate through their Missions more than other aspects. Within Mission content, Social (S) dimension was emphasized more than the environmental and governance dimensions, which is a common practice for companies in the securities market committed to sustainable growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organizational Sustainability, Intercultural Communication, Vision, Mission, Core Value
  topic: keywords
creator: Piya Vittayavarotkit
creator: Anamai Damnet
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Piya Vittayavarotkit, Anamai Damnet
date: 2024-03-30
publication date: 2024-03-30
starting page: 27
ending page: 38
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i1.290

Market Method and Process for Selling Agriculture Products through Online Channels via Groups of High-Selling Farmers
type: item
description: This research aims to study marketing strategies and sales channels for agricultural products using the online tracks of farmers with high sales volumes. This research used a qualitative research method with a group of 10 farmers. Data collection for the study was done through questionnaires prepared for informal conversations with online agricultural product suppliers and by recording information from the suppliers. The focus was on the practices of farmers with high sales volumes. Based on the data gathered from interviews and research conducted in September and October 2023, the research results indicate information on the processes of online marketing and distribution of products. All agricultural product suppliers agreed to use online channels and social media for marketing and selling products, which resulted in farmers having more targeted markets and higher sales volumes of agricultural products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Market Method, Market Process, Agriculture Products, Online Channels, High-Selling Farmers
  topic: keywords
creator: Chotipong Sansern
creator: Anamai Damnet
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Chotipong Sansern, Anamai Damnet
date: 2024-03-30
publication date: 2024-03-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 50
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i1.291

Utilisation of Four Pillars NLP Technique in Studying Creative and Innovative Communication for Learning English Achievement
type: item
description: NLP is used to study the excellence and effectiveness of people from all walks of life and across all disciplines and fields, especially in teaching-learning. The techniques and strategies of NLP empower the teaching-learning process by making it practical and goal-oriented. Language learners can use NLP as a psychotherapeutic technique to improve students' performance and take a step towards achievement. This research aims to investigate the success of students' study in Creative and Innovative Communication by using the four pillars of NLP (Outcome Orientation, Sensory Acuity, Behavior Flexibility, and Rapport). The methods used Google Forms as a questionnaire on 50 students who attended the Creative and Innovative Communication class in college. The result showed that more than half of the students had already applied the four pillars of NLP in their study. So, the students who applied the four pillars are expected to be more successful in the study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: NLP Creative & Innovative Communication English Achievement
  topic: keywords
creator: Rita Hartati
creator: Meisuri
creator: Siti Aisah Ginting
creator: Ariatna
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Rita Hartati, Meisuri, Siti Aisah Ginting, Ariatna
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 6
ending page: 15
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i1.288

Students’ Satisfaction towards Online Learning: A Longitudinal Study
type: item
description: Online education encompasses terms like web-based training, e-learning, distributed learning, Internet learning, web instruction, cyber education, virtual education, and net-based learning, as outlined by Urdan & Weggen (2000). It includes various technological applications and instructional methods such as computer-based learning, web education, virtual classrooms, and digital collaboration. Recognising that the educational landscape has transitioned from traditional in-person settings to online platforms, compelling tertiary education institutions to integrate technology effectively to ensure uninterrupted learning experiences is crucial. These institutions have thus become keen on optimizing online course delivery, engaging students, and facilitating assessments. Understanding students' perceptions and responses to online education over time (longitudinally) offers valuable insights for these institutions, allowing them to adjust their approaches to meet students' needs and expectations. Considering students' views is essential, though adapting to online education poses challenges. Consequently, this research investigates students' satisfaction with online education within higher education institutions. Employing a longitudinal approach for data collection, the study analyzed the information through correlations and regression analysis. The sample comprised 104 undergraduate business school students from a private university. Findings indicated a positive correlation between all independent variables and student satisfaction, with course design, student interactions, and lecturer engagement significantly influencing satisfaction levels. The study highlights the potential of online education to contribute to the continuous development of innovative and effective learning within the complex knowledge management framework of higher education. However, the unpredictability of challenges and changes complicates the management and resourcing of higher education. Future…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Learning, Higher Learning Institutions, Students’ Satisfaction, Longitudinal Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Zainal Munshid harun
creator: Emy Azizah Majid
creator: Cindy Ling Liing Sing
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Mohd Zainal Munshid harun, Emy Azizah Majid, Cindy Ling Liing Sing
date: 2024-04-05
publication date: 2024-04-05
starting page: 42
ending page: 49
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v5i2.276

Emergency Proclamation through Laws Regulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia
type: item
description: The government is making various efforts to break the chain of COVID-19 in Malaysia. The implications of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic affect not only health but also the social, political, economic, and educational aspects. The transition from the pandemic to the endemic phase saw various regulations and laws being implemented to accommodate the curve of the COVID-19 pandemic infection. This qualitative study uses the method of analysing legal documents, journals, and related articles. The papers reviewed are documents related to the proclamation of emergency in Malaysia and legislative acts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper discusses the actions taken by the government to contain this epidemic through the proclamation of emergency, in addition to the act that Malaysians must obey throughout the pandemic period. Good governance has a positive impact on the people and the country. Various security measures are based on the established problems to avoid any possibility that could affect people's health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19 Pandemic, Laws Regulation, Emergency Proclamation
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Naqib Sahrani
creator: Nor’ Adha Ab Hamid
creator: Norziah Othman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Naqib Sahrani, Nor’ Adha Ab Hamid, Norziah Othman
date: 2024-04-05
publication date: 2024-04-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 5
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i1.278

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Readiness towards Halal Food Supply Chain in Malaysia
type: item
description: This paper examines the preparedness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia to participate in the halal food supply chain, focusing on employee acceptance and technology adoption. The halal food supply chain is a network that prioritizes and certifies products and services to maintain halal integrity across the system. SMEs are essential players in the halal industry; they must be involved in sophisticated supply chains to sustain Malaysia's position in the international market for halal products. The findings provide insight into the acceptance among employees and technological readiness, impacts on SMEs, and enable them to effectively compete in the halal food supply chain by offering recommendations that enhance employee engagement and technology integration. In addition, this research provides SMEs, scholars, and policymakers with a roadmap for the industry's future development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Halal Supply Chain, Halal Distribution, Food Supply Chain, Halal Logistics, Small Medium Enterprise
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurazlina Samsudin
creator: Ruzita Manshor
creator: Razieman Mohd Yusoff
creator: Mohd Fadhil Ahmad Mazlan
creator: Khazizul Maulod Pahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nurazlina Samsudin, Ruzita Manshor, Razieman Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Fadhil Ahmad Mazlan, Khazizul Moulod Pahim
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i2.302

Language Planning in Character & Citizenship Education (Mother Tongue Languages) on Students' Cultural Sensitivity and Heritage Awareness in a Primary School in Singapore: A Case Study
type: item
description: This study investigates the role of Character and Citizenship Education in Mother Tongue Languages (CCE MTL) in fostering cultural sensitivity, heritage awareness, and language development among primary school students in Singapore. Through qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis, the study reveals that the CCE MTL program significantly contributes to cultural sensitivity by integrating cultural narratives and values into the curriculum. Teachers play a pivotal role in adapting teaching strategies to incorporate these elements, thus enhancing language proficiency and artistic appreciation. The findings highlight the program's effectiveness in promoting core values such as Respect, Responsibility, Resilience, Integrity, Care, and Harmony (R3ICH) through a curriculum framework centred on Identity, Relationships, and Choices. However, challenges related to curriculum transitions and the need for continuous professional development for teachers are identified. The study underscores the importance of a holistic approach involving whole-school initiatives and cross-disciplinary integration to reinforce cultural education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Character and Citizenship, Education, Mother Tongue Languages, Cultural Sensitivity, Heritage Awareness, Language Development, Singapore Education
  topic: keywords
creator: David Yong Heng Sai
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 David Yong Heng Sai
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 12
ending page: 21
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i2.306

Analysis of the Implementation and Implications of Waqf Projects in Malaysia Based on Maqasid Al-Shariah
type: item
description: In the contemporary landscape, waqf institutions, notably the State Islamic Religious Council, are spearheading numerous projects; however, limited studies have explored their significance within the framework of maqasid al-shariah. This paper critically examines whether the ongoing waqf initiatives in Malaysia uphold the principles of maqasid al-shariah. Through a literature review and analysis of current waqf projects, this study assesses their contribution to protecting religion, life, spirit, lineage and property — core components of maqasid al-shariah. The results show that current Malaysian waqf initiatives significantly promote these five objectives. To further enhance the impact of waqf, the study recommends that waqf institutions diversify their projects to encompass economic and social well-being in addition to the religious initiatives that many institutions focus on. By strategically expanding the scope of their initiatives, waqf institutions can play a central role in realizing the fundamental objectives of Islamic law while fostering more holistic and sustainable community development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Waqf, Waqf Project, Maqasid Al-Shariah
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman
creator: Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman, Muhammad Shahrul Ifwat Ishak
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 36
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i2.310

A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on Quranic Memorization: Benefits, Methods, and Innovations
type: item
description: Memorizing the Quran has been a fundamental practice in Islam since the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW.M memorizing the Quran not only rewards those who learn it but also offers numerous benefits, including personal development and intellectual advancement. This systematic literature review examines 25 publications using the PRISMA Flow Diagram, with a comprehensive search strategy that includes the Scopus and Web of Science databases to explore the practice of Quranic memorization. The reviewed articles are categorized into three key themes: benefits, methods, and innovations in Quranic memorization. Quranic memorization provides many advantages, including cognitive, physical, and emotional benefits such as improved academic performance, enhanced memory functions, and better overall health. Regarding memorization methods, traditional approaches continue to be highly effective. At the same time, contemporary innovations such as gamification, mobile learning apps, eye-tracking technology, and advanced multimedia tools offer engaging and efficient alternatives that enhance memorization and comprehension. These innovations leverage modern technology to create interactive, personalized learning experiences. By integrating traditional methods and innovative technologies, these approaches form a comprehensive, adaptable framework that supports the Quranic memorization process, catering to diverse learners and ensuring success in Quranic education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quran, Quranic memorization, Benefits, Methods, Innovations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mutathahirin
creator: Azhar Jaafar
creator: Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Rasyidah Kamaruzaman, Mutathahirin, Azhar Jaafar
date: 2025-01-17
publication date: 2025-01-17
starting page: 37
ending page: 49
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i2.312

Evaluation of Cambridge Math Series for Grades 4 & 8 in Oman using TIMSS 2019 Standards
type: item
description: This study evaluated the Cambridge Mathematics series for grades 4 and 8 in Oman based on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS, 2019) standards. A sample of 140 pre-basic education mathematics teachers participated. Using a mixed-method approach (qualitative and quantitative), the researcher analyzed four Omani mathematics textbooks for grades 4 and 8 from the 2022/2023 academic year. Content analysis cards aligned with TIMSS (2019) standards, and the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Evaluation model was used as a tool. The analysis revealed that TIMSS standards were covered as follows: for grade 4, numbers (50%), geometric shapes and measurements (30%), and data (20%); for grade 8, numbers (30%), algebra (30%), geometry (20%), and data and probability (20%). Cognitive dimensions included knowledge (grade 4: 40%, grade 8: 35%), application (40% for both grades), and reasoning (grade 4: 20%, grade 8: 25%). Teachers and supervisors agreed that the Cambridge curriculum aligns well with the TIMSS cognitive standards.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Series evaluation, standards TIMSS, math series from Cambridge, Cambridge for Forth and Eighth grades.
  topic: keywords
creator: Salim Said Salim Al Hudaify
creator: Nik Md Saiful Azizi Nik Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Salim Said Salim Al Hudaify, Nik Md Saiful Azizi Nik Abdullah
date: 2025-01-21
publication date: 2025-01-21
starting page: 50
ending page: 59
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v6i2.313

Identifying Effectiveness of Photography as a Visual Communication Tool for Enhancing Public Awareness of Environmental Issues
type: item
description: As the world continues to adapt and change, we seek to understand what some of the more unseen impacts may be. Photography is incorporated into every aspect of our lives in ways we aren’t always consciously aware of. Environmental issues have become a major factor in creating pollution in our society and it affects our lives. This study examines the role of photography in enhancing and educating public awareness on environmental issues in Malaysia. A qualitative method has been used which is an in-depth interview with 6 photographers. All informants are divided into two groups which are freelance photographer and press photographer. Data were analyzed and there four major themes emerged from the discussion. The first theme is communication technology was the main factor that helps to create awareness among the society. Second theme is framing is an important factor in ensuring that messages can be conveyed more effectively to the society. The third theme is subject matter. Furthermore, the subject matter is able to communicate directly with the audience. Next, every image needs to have their own storytelling. Storytelling is able to create more awareness among the audiences on the issues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environmental isseus
  topic: keywords
subject: Photography
  topic: keywords
subject: Documentary photography
  topic: keywords
subject: Public awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Photographers
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Pirdaus Mat Husain
creator: Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali
creator: Ammar Redza Ahmad Rizal
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Mohd Pirdaus Mat Husain, Mohd Nor Shahizan Ali, Ammar Redza Ahmad Rizal
date: 2023-12-14
publication date: 2023-12-14
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

Analysis of Academic Capabilities, Financial Awards, and Job Market Considerations on Interest in Career Interest as Public Accountants
type: item
description: The number of Public Accountants in Indonesia is still relatively minimal because accounting graduates lack interest in becoming public accountants. This study aimed to examine and analyze the effect of Academic Ability, Financial Awards, and Labor Market Considerations on the interest in a career as a public accountant in East Java "Veteran" National Development University Accounting Students, Surabaya State University and Airlangga University. The sample of this study were East Java "Veteran" National Development University Accounting S1 students, Surabaya State University, and Airlangga University batches of 2018 and 2019. The research method used quantitative research. The sampling technique used the purposive sampling method to determine the number of samples using the solving formula with a total of 91 respondents. Data collection techniques were used in this study using a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis technique with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study indicate that (1) Academic Ability has a positive and significant effect on Interest in a Career to Become a Public Accountant. (2) Financial Awards do not significantly affect the Interest in a Career to Become a Public Accountant. (3) Job market considerations positively and significantly affect the interest in a career as a public accountant.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic Ability, Financial Awards, Job Market Consideration, Interest, Accountant
  topic: keywords
creator: Muslimin
creator: Taufiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Muslimin, Taufiq
date: 2022-09-15
publication date: 2022-09-15
starting page: 56
ending page: 66
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.162

Interactional Patterns in ESP Online Teaching Mode at the Fifth Semester of English Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Medan
type: item
description: This research aims to identify interactional patterns in the ESP online teaching mode of the fifth semester of the English Department at Universitas Negeri Medan. This research applies descriptive quantitative methodology and focuses on class A of the English Department's fifth semester, which consisted of 36 students and one lecturer who taught online utilizing Google Meet as the platform. This study's data consisted of three audiovisual recordings made by the lecturer. The data were recognized using the IRF pattern of interaction identification table and analyzed using the IRF model. The first discovery revealed that the most frequently used pattern by the lecturer is IRF as a full pattern, followed by IR as a semi-complete pattern and IF as an incomplete pattern. The second finding revealed that elicitation occurs more frequently in classroom interactions. It is possible to infer that this classroom had a high level of interaction since the lecturer provided equal opportunities for students to begin the conversation, resulting in active student participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Classroom Interaction, Interactional Pattern, Online Teaching Mode, ESP
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Aisah Ginting
creator: Nora Ronita Dewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Siti Aisah Ginting, Nora Ronita Dewi
date: 2023-01-31
publication date: 2023-01-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 55
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.174

Students’ Participation in Online Discussion of ESP Course through Team Based Project
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze students’ participation in online discussion forum of ESP course with Team Based Project. The materials and process of this model have been designed in the LMS for students. There were 98 participants from 5 classes of ESP course taken as the sample of this research. Various difficulties faced by students in developing communication in writing become more complicated when learning is done online. Team based project is applied because it demands the ability of the students themselves to solve problems (Student Center Learning) and in responding to the acquirement of Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) Curriculum that as a new Higher Education Key Performance Indicator (IKU) from the Ministry of Education. A survey with quantitative approach is conducted in this research. The results show that the respondents reacted to numerous responses into many aspects such as; 1) demographic information; 2) patterns of online participation 3) frequency of participation in online discussion forum; 4) percentage of read but no response posts; 5) percentage of response and response posts; 6) benefits of participation in online forum; 7) perceived impact of discussion forum on student learning and performance; and 8) problems of participation in online forum.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ESP Course, IQF, Online Learning, Team-Based Project.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nora Ronita Dewi
creator: Indra Hartoyo
creator: Anggraini Thesisia Saragih
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Nora Ronita Dewi, Indra Hartoyo , Anggraini Thesisia Saragih
date: 2022-10-21
publication date: 2022-10-21
starting page: 23
ending page: 33
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.137

Linguistic Landscape at Businesses Nameplate in Medan
type: item
description: The objectives of this study were to describe how linguistic landscape look like in a multi-ethnic city, in Medan. In addition to this, this study was also aimed at finding the underlying reason why the linguistic landscape was used as the way it was. This study used descriptive qualitative method and used the culinary business nameplates in Medan as the subject of the study. The data was the phrases used in those nameplates which were presented in Bahasa Indonesia, English, and Local language. This study revealed that most of the culinary business nameplates in Medan used Bahasa Indonesia as their business brand. It might be aimed at reaching many prospective consumers from various ethnics in Medan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Linguistic, Landscape, Business, Local
  topic: keywords
creator: Betharia Sembiring Pandia
creator: Berlin Sibarani
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Betharia Sembiring Pandia, Berlin Sibarani
date: 2022-09-20
publication date: 2022-09-20
starting page: 17
ending page: 22
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.133

Developing Story Telling Performance Model in Improving Students’ Self Confidence
type: item
description: Extracurricular directs students to improve confidence and ability to speak English which is oriented toward student participation in various competitions such as speech, storytelling. The study aimed to develop material of storytelling performance model as a learning material of extracurricular particularly public speaking extracurricular. Since the extracurricular aims to improve students’ self-confidence to perform in public area through story telling. In this context, the quality of learning outcomes in English speaking extracurricular activities is as follows. (1) Mastery of knowledge; (2) Mastery of English-speaking skills; (3) Having confidence when speaking; and (4) Able to appear in speaking using English which is oriented towards public speaking through story telling performance. Research and development were conducted in this study which used ADDIE model. The study was conducted at SMA N 11 Medan and the subject of the study was 10th grade students. The instruments of the study were observation, questionnaire, and interview. Furthermore, the study was conducted in some stages such as, Analysis, Design, Develop. Implement, and Evaluation. The result of study showed that story telling material could improve students’ enthusiastic to perform in public speaking extracurricular at SMA N 11 Medan. Thus, it improved students’ confidence in telling the story. Additionally, storytelling material was categorized as an excellent material to improve students’ confidence through story telling validated by some experts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Story Telling Performance, Material, Extracurricular, Research, Development.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumarsih
creator: Yeni Erlita
creator: Asrita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Sumarsih, Yeni Erlita, Asrita Sari
date: 2022-09-19
publication date: 2022-09-19
starting page: 12
ending page: 16
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i2.131

Measurement Model and Adaptation of Self-Efficacy toward Mathematics Reasoning among University Students
type: item
description: Mathematics self- efficacy is generally defined as individuals' beliefs or perceptions regarding their mathematical abilities. The aim of this quantitative study was to conduct a validity analysis of a self- efficacy instrument toward mathematics reasoning among 184 undergraduate public university students. Students clearly distinguished between their self-efficacy in doing and understanding mathematics reasoning and their self-efficacy in accomplishing assignments in their university mathematics lesson. In these quantitative studies, self-efficacy which demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity was performed, which corresponded to the Bandura theory and included three dimensions: course self-efficacy, exam self-efficacy, and future self-efficacy. The research design utilized casual correlation technique to investigate the effect of self-efficacy on mathematics reasoning. The reliability analysis of Cronbach Alpha internal consistency reliability revealed that self-efficacy instrument that was constructed was extremely reliable and can be utilized by researchers to measure university students' self-efficacy toward mathematical reasoning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Exploratory Factor Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematics Reasoning
  topic: keywords
subject: Measurement Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Choon Tak Chan
creator: Leong Kwan Eu
creator: Hutkemri Zulnaidi
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Choon Tak Chan, Leong Kwan Eu, Hutkemri Zulnaidi
date: 2022-07-27
publication date: 2022-07-27
starting page: 37
ending page: 43
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i1.114

Developing Hydrotheology Concept in Islamic Perspective
type: item
description: Water is a vital tool in human life. This water intensity is indicated by the many verses of the Qur'an and the Prophet's hadith which talk about water in various forms and types. Based on verses and hadith that are spread in various letters and themes, it is necessary to formulate a new perspective on water. This article tries to formulate a view of Islamic theology about water with a focus on various aspects of the study of water conservation efforts for water resources. By using content analysis of Islamic source texts accompanied by thematic methods, it is found: First, the study of water in Islam includes three aspects 1) metaphysical, 2) humanistic, and 3) naturalistic; Second, there are three main principles in efforts to conserve Water Resources (SDA), namely: 1) Protection and Conservation; 2) Management and Empowerment; 3) Savings and Preservation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Water; Hydrotheology; Conservation; Islam
  topic: keywords
creator: Salamah Noorhidayati
creator: Imam Ahmadi
creator: Nadia Roosmalita Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Salamah Noorhidayati, Imam Ahmadi, Nadia Roosmalita Sari
date: 2022-04-13
publication date: 2022-04-13
starting page: 30
ending page: 36
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i1.93

Tertiary Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning Strategies in Remote Learning Environment at Covid-19 Pandemic Era
type: item
description: This study aimed at investigating the perceptions of tertiary students about online learning strategies in the Remote Learning Environment during the Covid-19 pandemic era. The method used in this research was a descriptive qualitative method by using a survey to collect the data from 20 tertiary students’ perceptions of their online learning strategies in rural areas during this pandemic era. The results indicated that students agreed with online learning strategies with digital platforms but they are still confused about how to learn and access them. Virtual meetings declined students’ motivation to learn because of bad access to the internet in their areas. Using Video Conferences is more flexible because it can be used wherever whenever. Online learning still becomes the best learning strategy in this pandemic, but access to the internet in rural areas must be improved. Tertiary students need access to the internet and infrastructure and instructional materials design especially applied in this pandemic era. In conclusion, online learning strategies by using digital platforms still become the best solution to be applied in the remote learning environments during this Covid-19 outbreak, even there are some obstacles still existed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tertiary Students, Online Learning, Remote Environment, Covid-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Neni Afrida Sari Harahap
creator: Amrin Saragih
creator: Sumarsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 Neni Afrida Sari Harahap, Amrin Saragih, Sumarsih
date: 2022-03-29
publication date: 2022-03-29
starting page: 23
ending page: 29
doi: 10.37698/ashrej.v4i1.97