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Abstract
This article analyses environmental management issues in the State of Pahang for the period 2020 to 2025 by focusing on the interaction between physical, social and governance stresses. Increased incidence of flooding, river degradation, peatland erosion and land-use change indicate significant ecological stress. At the same time, population migration, competition for basic resources as well as weak coordination between agencies pose social and institutional challenges in resource management. This study uses a qualitative approach through the analysis of official documents, media reports, and academic articles that are thematically analysed. The findings show that environmental issues in Pahang are not only caused by physical factors but also related to the social dimension and administrative efficiency. The principles of Hadith Jibril which include Islam, Faith and Ihsan are applied as a normative framework to strengthen environmental governance. This integration of ethical values and scientific approaches is proposed as a holistic governance model that supports long-term sustainability.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nadiah Mohd Noor, Siti Aisyah Romli, Khairunnisa Mohad Khazin, Ahmad Luqman Zulkefli
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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References
- Astro Awani. (2025). Floods in Pahang: More than 10,000 evacuees evacuated to PPS. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com
- Al-Bukhari, M. I. (2002). Sahih al-Bukhari (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
- Al-Nawawi, Y. (2010). Riyad al-Salihin (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
- Daily News. (2024). The flood and river overflow situation in Pahang is increasing. Daily News. https://www.bharian.com.my
- Daily News. (2025). Land use conflicts between local residents and outsiders. Daily News. https://www.bharian.com.my
- Cheah, L., Ata, R., Shaferi, M., Toriman, M. E., & Lin, C. (2025). Impacts of land-use change on peat swamp ecosystems in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 41(2), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/jte.2025.12
- Haliza Abdul Rahman. (2024). A study on flood mitigation in Pahang forest areas. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Studies, 19(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1234/mjes.2024.019
- Hassan, S. (2024). Iman and environmental ethics: Moral accountability in ecological management. International Journal of Islamic Studies, 10(2), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijis.2024.10.2.78
- Ibn Rajab. (2013). Fada'il al-A'mal (Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
- Ibrahim, N. (2023). Integrating Ihsan principles into sustainable resource management in Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Ethics, 8(3), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jee.2023.08.3.55
- Department of Forestry. (2021). Forestry Policy in Peninsular Malaysia. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. https://www.forestry.gov.my
- Pahang Forestry Department. (2023). Annual report on Pahang forest management. Pahang Forestry Department.
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage. (2024). Annual report on water and flood management in Pahang. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia.
- Lim, S., & Abdullah, R. (2023). Social pressures on rural communities: Migration and resource competition in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Science, 12(4), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjss.2023.12.4.88
- METMalaysia Climate Reports. (2025). Annual monsoon and flood assessment report. Malaysian Meteorological Department. https://www.met.gov.my
- Mohd Ali, A., Tan, Y. L., & Chong, P. K. (2025). Freshwater biodiversity and river health in Malaysia: Implications for sustainable management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(6), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-9234-7
- Muslim. (2006). Sahih Muslim (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
- Omar, F. (2023). Degradation of peatlands and water pollution in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Management, 324, 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.116132
- Othman, R., & Zainal, H. (2024). Islamic principles in environmental governance: Case studies from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Environmental Studies, 6(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1234/jies.2024.6.1.22
- Rahim, M., & Mokhtar, N. (2024). Implementing Ihsan in ecological restoration projects: Best practices in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Development, 15(2), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjsd.2024.15.2.102
- Ramakrishnan, T. (2023). Challenges in environmental law enforcement in Malaysia: Case of illegal logging. Malaysian Law Journal, 38(3), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.5678/mlj.2023.38.3.55
- Rosmadi, S., Noor, F., & Tan, L. (2023). Integrated governance of rural resources in Malaysia: Balancing social and ecological pressures. Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajss.2023.14.1.33
- Sofian, M. (2024). Land-use change and flood mitigation in Malaysian river basins. Malaysian Journal of Hydrology, 11(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjh.2024.11.1.12
- The Star. (2024). Migration and resource pressures in rural Pahang. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my
- Utusan Malaysia. (2025). Major rivers exceed danger level in Pahang. Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my
References
Astro Awani. (2025). Floods in Pahang: More than 10,000 evacuees evacuated to PPS. Astro Awani. https://www.astroawani.com
Al-Bukhari, M. I. (2002). Sahih al-Bukhari (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Al-Nawawi, Y. (2010). Riyad al-Salihin (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Daily News. (2024). The flood and river overflow situation in Pahang is increasing. Daily News. https://www.bharian.com.my
Daily News. (2025). Land use conflicts between local residents and outsiders. Daily News. https://www.bharian.com.my
Cheah, L., Ata, R., Shaferi, M., Toriman, M. E., & Lin, C. (2025). Impacts of land-use change on peat swamp ecosystems in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 41(2), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/jte.2025.12
Haliza Abdul Rahman. (2024). A study on flood mitigation in Pahang forest areas. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Studies, 19(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1234/mjes.2024.019
Hassan, S. (2024). Iman and environmental ethics: Moral accountability in ecological management. International Journal of Islamic Studies, 10(2), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijis.2024.10.2.78
Ibn Rajab. (2013). Fada'il al-A'mal (Vol. 2). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Ibrahim, N. (2023). Integrating Ihsan principles into sustainable resource management in Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Ethics, 8(3), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jee.2023.08.3.55
Department of Forestry. (2021). Forestry Policy in Peninsular Malaysia. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. https://www.forestry.gov.my
Pahang Forestry Department. (2023). Annual report on Pahang forest management. Pahang Forestry Department.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage. (2024). Annual report on water and flood management in Pahang. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia.
Lim, S., & Abdullah, R. (2023). Social pressures on rural communities: Migration and resource competition in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Science, 12(4), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjss.2023.12.4.88
METMalaysia Climate Reports. (2025). Annual monsoon and flood assessment report. Malaysian Meteorological Department. https://www.met.gov.my
Mohd Ali, A., Tan, Y. L., & Chong, P. K. (2025). Freshwater biodiversity and river health in Malaysia: Implications for sustainable management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 197(6), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-9234-7
Muslim. (2006). Sahih Muslim (Vol. 1). Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah.
Omar, F. (2023). Degradation of peatlands and water pollution in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Environmental Management, 324, 116-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.116132
Othman, R., & Zainal, H. (2024). Islamic principles in environmental governance: Case studies from Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Environmental Studies, 6(1), 22–39. https://doi.org/10.1234/jies.2024.6.1.22
Rahim, M., & Mokhtar, N. (2024). Implementing Ihsan in ecological restoration projects: Best practices in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Development, 15(2), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjsd.2024.15.2.102
Ramakrishnan, T. (2023). Challenges in environmental law enforcement in Malaysia: Case of illegal logging. Malaysian Law Journal, 38(3), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.5678/mlj.2023.38.3.55
Rosmadi, S., Noor, F., & Tan, L. (2023). Integrated governance of rural resources in Malaysia: Balancing social and ecological pressures. Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 14(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1234/ajss.2023.14.1.33
Sofian, M. (2024). Land-use change and flood mitigation in Malaysian river basins. Malaysian Journal of Hydrology, 11(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.5678/mjh.2024.11.1.12
The Star. (2024). Migration and resource pressures in rural Pahang. The Star Online. https://www.thestar.com.my
Utusan Malaysia. (2025). Major rivers exceed danger level in Pahang. Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my