Telecommuting Adaptation in Malaysia: Demographics, Beliefs and Practices
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Published:
Jun 25, 2019
Keywords:
Telecommuting, Malaysia, Employee’s perceptions
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Abstract
By surveying 201 telecommuters in Klang Valley, the study examines the employees’ profiles, beliefs and practices regarding the adoption of telecommuting in Malaysia. While our findings seem generally in line with the existing literature in the western context, we reason that the practice of telecommuting remains nascent in its forms and thus requires further research in the Malaysian context.
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How to Cite
Ma, G., Hen, K. W., & Chooi, T. F. (2019). Telecommuting Adaptation in Malaysia: Demographics, Beliefs and Practices. Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal (ASHREJ), 1(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.37698/ashrej.v1i1.2
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References
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Adya, M. P. (2008). Women at work: Differences in IT career experiences and perceptions between South Asian and American women. Human Resource Management, 47(3), 601-635.
Bailey, D., & Kurland, N. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 383 - 400.
Beasley, R. E., Lomo-David, E., & Seubert, V. R. (2001). Telework and gender: implications or the management of information technology professionals. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101(9), 477-482.
Bryson, J., Wilson, J., Plimmer, G., Blumenfeld, S., Donnelly, N., Ku, B., & Ryan, B. (2014). Women workers: caring, sharing, enjoying their work–or just another gender stereotype Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 24(4), 258-271.
Clifton, J. (2014, March 18). Gallup: The Truth About Telecommuting. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140318142538-14634910-gallup-the-truth-about-telecommuting; accessed on June 2, 2014.
Crandall, W. & Gao, L. (2005). An update on telecommuting: Review and prospects for Emerging issues. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(3), 30.
Cross, T. (2014). Telecommuting 2014 : The Future Technology of Working Green. Retrieved November 1, 2014, from Techtionary: http://techtionary.com/books/telecommuting/index.pdf.
Cyber Dialogue Inc. (2000). Small Business/Home Office Trend Report: New York.
Díaz, V. L. (2015). Telework as a way to balance work and family life: good practices in Argentina. Work-Life Balance and the Economic Crisis: Some Insights from the Perspective of Comparative Law (Volume I: The Spanish Scenario), 258.
Fairweather & Ellison, N. (1999). Surveillance in employment: The case of teleworking. Journal of Business Ethics, 22(1), 39-49.
Farzana, Q., Lim, C., & Haider, M. A. (2013). Malaysian Employees' Perception Pertaining to Telework. Business and Management Quarterly Review, 4(1), 63-76.
Fondaz, N. (2013, July 19). The Atlantic. Retrieved November 1, 2014, from How Women and Men Use Flexible Work Policies Differentl: http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/07/how-women-and-men-use-flexible-work-policies-differently/277954/
Gajendran, R., & Harisson, D. (2007). The good, the bad and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(92), 1524-1541.
Haddon, L., & Brynin, M. (2005). The character of telework and the characteristics of teleworkers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 20(1), 34-46.
Hamsa, A. A. K., Oniyirimba, L. C., & Ahmad, S. (1997, January). An exploratory analysis of factors toward the emergence of teleworking in Malaysia. In System Sciences, 1997, Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on (Vol. 4, pp. 99-109). IEEE.
Hassan, Z., Dollard, M. F., & Winefield, A. H. (2010). Work-family conflict in East vs Western countries. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 30-49.
Heng, T. B., San, O. T., & Lee, L. Y. (2012). The acceptance and effectiveness of Telecommuting (work from home) in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management, 3(3).
Holloway, D. (2007). Gender, telework and the reconfiguration of the Australian family home. Continuum, 21(1), 33-44.
Huda, I., Juliana , W., Nafishah, O., Rafidah, A., Wan Rozaini, S., & Zahurin, M. (2006). The Challenges of Telecommuting Implementation in Malaysia Government Offices. Sintok, Kedah: Idea Group Publishing.
Kanyakumari, D. (2014, February 26). Malaysia's population to number 30 million on Thursday. Retrieved from The Star Online: www.thestar.com.my; accessed on June 1, 2014.
Karia, N., & Asaari, H. (2003). Determinants of Telework Implementation in Malaysian Organisations . International Business Information Management, 566-570.
Karia, N., Asaari, A. H., & Hasmi, M. (2006). Telework and Women: Case of Women Workers in The Northern States Of Malaysia. International Academy of Business and Technology Conference.
Karia, N., & Muhammad Hasmi, A. (2005). Determinants of Telecommuting Among Women Workers in Penang : A Case Study. Penang, Malaysia: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Kodukula, S. (2011). Systems Thinking and Practice for Telecommuting Issues. International Journal of Computer Applications, 29(8), 21-27.
Kurland, N., & Bailey, D. (1999). Telework: The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here, There, Anywhere and Anytime. Journal of Organisational Dynamics, 53- 67.
Lal, B., & Dwivedi, Y. (2010). Investigating homeworkers' inclination to remain connected to work at “anytime, anywhere” via mobile phones. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 23(6), 759 - 774.
Lipman, V. (2015). The Type B Manager: Leading Successfully a Type A World, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
Lister, K. (2013). Global Workplace Analytics and the Telework Research Network. Retrieved from Global Workplace Analytics and the Telework Research Network: http://www.globalworkplaceanalytics.com/telecommuting-statistics; accessed on May 2, 2014.
Marican, S., Sabil, S., Zakaria, R. H., & Ab Rahman, A. (2011). Can supportive management contribute to the well-being of Muslim working women in Malaysia? African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4883.
Maruyama, T., & Susanne, T. (2012). From anxiety to assurance: concerns and outcomes of telework. Personnel Review, 41, 450 – 469.
Mokhtarian, P. L. (1991). Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice, state of the art Transportation, 18(4), 319-342.
Nilles, J. M. (1994). Making telecommuting happen, Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York.
Offstein, E., Morwick, J., & Koskinen, L. (2010). Making telework work: leading people and leveraging technology for competitive advantage. Strategic HR Review, Vol. 9, 32 - 37.
Olszewski, P., & Mokhtarian, P. (1994). Telecommuting frequency and impacts for State of California employees. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 45(3), 275-286.
Omar, R., & Sapuan, D. A. (2010). Rejuvinating Motivations and Renewing Technology: A Quest for Electronic Endeavor among Malaysian SMEs. European Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 457-470.
Othman, N., Yusof, S. A. M., & Osman, W. R. S. (2009). A conflict between professional vs. domestic life? Understanding the use of ICT in teleworking for balance in work and family units. Computer and Information Science, 2(2), 3.
Peters, P., Tijdens, K. G., & Wetzels, C. (2004). Employees’ opportunities, preferences, and practices in telecommuting adoption. Information & Management, 41(4), 469-482.
Picu, C. G., & Dinu, A. (2016). Research on the Current Telecommuting Trends in United States and European Union Markets. Management and Economics Review, 1(2), 194-202.
Pinsonneault, A., & Boisvert, M. (2001). The impacts of telecommuting on organizations and individual: A review of the literature. In Telecommuting and virtual offices: Issues and opportunities (pp. 163-185). IGI Global.
Opuri, Y. D. & Bhat, C. R, (2003). On Modelling the Choice and Frequency of Home-Based Telecommuting. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/TRB_82/TRB2003-001314.pdf
Raghuram, S. (2014). Telecommuting in India: Pitfalls and Possibilities. South Asian journal of Human Resources Management, 1(2), 207-220.
Russell, D. G. (2012). An Investigation of The Relationship Between Workplace Isolation and Engagement Among Teleworkers, 2 - 66.
Rousseau, D. M., & Fried, Y. (2001). Location, location, location: Contextualizing organizational research. Journal of organizational behavior, 22(1), 1-13.
Sharmeen, F., Arentze, T., & Timmermans, H. (2014). An analysis of the dynamics of activity and travel needs in response to social network evolution and life. 13th WCTR, July 15-18, 2013 – Rio de Janerio, Brazil.
Stephen, D., Justin, J., & Raymond, B. (2010, June). IDC Market Analysis Report. Retrieved from Worldwide Mobile Worker Population 2009- 2013 Forecast: http://www.gotomypc.com/remote_access/images/pdf/How_to_Equip_Your_Company_for_the_New_Mobile_Workforce.pdf; accessed on June 11, 2014.
Teh, B., Patrick, C., Loh, Y., Ong, T., & Hong, Y. (2013). Enhancing the Implementation of Telecommuting in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(7).
Tsui, A. S. (2004). Contributing to global management knowledge: A case for high quality indigenous research. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(4), 491-513.
Tredup, H. F. (2016). Virtual: A Guide to Telecommuting, United States: Praca Print.
Tremblay, D. G. (2002). Balancing work and family with telework? Organizational issues and challenges for women and managers. Women in Management Review, 17(3/4), 157-170.
Watad, M. M., & Disanzo, J. F. (2000, January 15). MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved November 3, 2014, from The Synergism of Telecommuting and Office Automation: http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-synergism-of-telecommuting-and-office-automation/
Webster, J. (2014). Shaping women's work: Gender, employment and information technology (London: Longman).
Wilson, M., & Greenhill, A. (2004). Gender and teleworking identities in the risk society: a research agenda. New Technology, Work and Employment, 19(3), 207-221.
Wright, K. B. (2015). 20 Workplace relationships: Telework, work-life balance, social support, negative features, and individual/organizational outcomes. Communication and Technology, 5, 397.
Wynarczyk, P. (2005). The impact of Connectivity technologies on e-flexible working practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in the North East of England. New Technology, Work and Employment, 20(3), 234-247.
Yee, M. K. (2014, March 7). It's Unclearly Defined, but Telecommuting is on the Rise. Retrieved April 21, 2014, from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/your-money/when-working-in-your-pajamas-is-more-productive.html?_r=0
Yordanova, G. (2015). Global Digital Workplace as an Opportunity for Bulgarian Woman to Achieve Work-Family Balance. The Dynamics of Virtual Work. Working paper 5.
Zailani, S., Dahlan, N., & Jallaludin, Y. H. (2009). E-business adoption among SMEs in Malaysia: Investigation from the supply chain perspective. Journal of Problems and Perspectives in Management, 7(4), 46-57.
Adya, M. P. (2008). Women at work: Differences in IT career experiences and perceptions between South Asian and American women. Human Resource Management, 47(3), 601-635.
Bailey, D., & Kurland, N. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 383 - 400.
Beasley, R. E., Lomo-David, E., & Seubert, V. R. (2001). Telework and gender: implications or the management of information technology professionals. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 101(9), 477-482.
Bryson, J., Wilson, J., Plimmer, G., Blumenfeld, S., Donnelly, N., Ku, B., & Ryan, B. (2014). Women workers: caring, sharing, enjoying their work–or just another gender stereotype Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 24(4), 258-271.
Clifton, J. (2014, March 18). Gallup: The Truth About Telecommuting. Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/today/post/article/20140318142538-14634910-gallup-the-truth-about-telecommuting; accessed on June 2, 2014.
Crandall, W. & Gao, L. (2005). An update on telecommuting: Review and prospects for Emerging issues. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 70(3), 30.
Cross, T. (2014). Telecommuting 2014 : The Future Technology of Working Green. Retrieved November 1, 2014, from Techtionary: http://techtionary.com/books/telecommuting/index.pdf.
Cyber Dialogue Inc. (2000). Small Business/Home Office Trend Report: New York.
Díaz, V. L. (2015). Telework as a way to balance work and family life: good practices in Argentina. Work-Life Balance and the Economic Crisis: Some Insights from the Perspective of Comparative Law (Volume I: The Spanish Scenario), 258.
Fairweather & Ellison, N. (1999). Surveillance in employment: The case of teleworking. Journal of Business Ethics, 22(1), 39-49.
Farzana, Q., Lim, C., & Haider, M. A. (2013). Malaysian Employees' Perception Pertaining to Telework. Business and Management Quarterly Review, 4(1), 63-76.
Fondaz, N. (2013, July 19). The Atlantic. Retrieved November 1, 2014, from How Women and Men Use Flexible Work Policies Differentl: http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/07/how-women-and-men-use-flexible-work-policies-differently/277954/
Gajendran, R., & Harisson, D. (2007). The good, the bad and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(92), 1524-1541.
Haddon, L., & Brynin, M. (2005). The character of telework and the characteristics of teleworkers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 20(1), 34-46.
Hamsa, A. A. K., Oniyirimba, L. C., & Ahmad, S. (1997, January). An exploratory analysis of factors toward the emergence of teleworking in Malaysia. In System Sciences, 1997, Proceedings of the Thirtieth Hawaii International Conference on (Vol. 4, pp. 99-109). IEEE.
Hassan, Z., Dollard, M. F., & Winefield, A. H. (2010). Work-family conflict in East vs Western countries. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 17(1), 30-49.
Heng, T. B., San, O. T., & Lee, L. Y. (2012). The acceptance and effectiveness of Telecommuting (work from home) in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management, 3(3).
Holloway, D. (2007). Gender, telework and the reconfiguration of the Australian family home. Continuum, 21(1), 33-44.
Huda, I., Juliana , W., Nafishah, O., Rafidah, A., Wan Rozaini, S., & Zahurin, M. (2006). The Challenges of Telecommuting Implementation in Malaysia Government Offices. Sintok, Kedah: Idea Group Publishing.
Kanyakumari, D. (2014, February 26). Malaysia's population to number 30 million on Thursday. Retrieved from The Star Online: www.thestar.com.my; accessed on June 1, 2014.
Karia, N., & Asaari, H. (2003). Determinants of Telework Implementation in Malaysian Organisations . International Business Information Management, 566-570.
Karia, N., Asaari, A. H., & Hasmi, M. (2006). Telework and Women: Case of Women Workers in The Northern States Of Malaysia. International Academy of Business and Technology Conference.
Karia, N., & Muhammad Hasmi, A. (2005). Determinants of Telecommuting Among Women Workers in Penang : A Case Study. Penang, Malaysia: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Kodukula, S. (2011). Systems Thinking and Practice for Telecommuting Issues. International Journal of Computer Applications, 29(8), 21-27.
Kurland, N., & Bailey, D. (1999). Telework: The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here, There, Anywhere and Anytime. Journal of Organisational Dynamics, 53- 67.
Lal, B., & Dwivedi, Y. (2010). Investigating homeworkers' inclination to remain connected to work at “anytime, anywhere” via mobile phones. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 23(6), 759 - 774.
Lipman, V. (2015). The Type B Manager: Leading Successfully a Type A World, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press.
Lister, K. (2013). Global Workplace Analytics and the Telework Research Network. Retrieved from Global Workplace Analytics and the Telework Research Network: http://www.globalworkplaceanalytics.com/telecommuting-statistics; accessed on May 2, 2014.
Marican, S., Sabil, S., Zakaria, R. H., & Ab Rahman, A. (2011). Can supportive management contribute to the well-being of Muslim working women in Malaysia? African Journal of Business Management, 5(12), 4883.
Maruyama, T., & Susanne, T. (2012). From anxiety to assurance: concerns and outcomes of telework. Personnel Review, 41, 450 – 469.
Mokhtarian, P. L. (1991). Telecommuting and travel: state of the practice, state of the art Transportation, 18(4), 319-342.
Nilles, J. M. (1994). Making telecommuting happen, Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York.
Offstein, E., Morwick, J., & Koskinen, L. (2010). Making telework work: leading people and leveraging technology for competitive advantage. Strategic HR Review, Vol. 9, 32 - 37.
Olszewski, P., & Mokhtarian, P. (1994). Telecommuting frequency and impacts for State of California employees. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 45(3), 275-286.
Omar, R., & Sapuan, D. A. (2010). Rejuvinating Motivations and Renewing Technology: A Quest for Electronic Endeavor among Malaysian SMEs. European Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 457-470.
Othman, N., Yusof, S. A. M., & Osman, W. R. S. (2009). A conflict between professional vs. domestic life? Understanding the use of ICT in teleworking for balance in work and family units. Computer and Information Science, 2(2), 3.
Peters, P., Tijdens, K. G., & Wetzels, C. (2004). Employees’ opportunities, preferences, and practices in telecommuting adoption. Information & Management, 41(4), 469-482.
Picu, C. G., & Dinu, A. (2016). Research on the Current Telecommuting Trends in United States and European Union Markets. Management and Economics Review, 1(2), 194-202.
Pinsonneault, A., & Boisvert, M. (2001). The impacts of telecommuting on organizations and individual: A review of the literature. In Telecommuting and virtual offices: Issues and opportunities (pp. 163-185). IGI Global.
Opuri, Y. D. & Bhat, C. R, (2003). On Modelling the Choice and Frequency of Home-Based Telecommuting. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from http://www.ltrc.lsu.edu/TRB_82/TRB2003-001314.pdf
Raghuram, S. (2014). Telecommuting in India: Pitfalls and Possibilities. South Asian journal of Human Resources Management, 1(2), 207-220.
Russell, D. G. (2012). An Investigation of The Relationship Between Workplace Isolation and Engagement Among Teleworkers, 2 - 66.
Rousseau, D. M., & Fried, Y. (2001). Location, location, location: Contextualizing organizational research. Journal of organizational behavior, 22(1), 1-13.
Sharmeen, F., Arentze, T., & Timmermans, H. (2014). An analysis of the dynamics of activity and travel needs in response to social network evolution and life. 13th WCTR, July 15-18, 2013 – Rio de Janerio, Brazil.
Stephen, D., Justin, J., & Raymond, B. (2010, June). IDC Market Analysis Report. Retrieved from Worldwide Mobile Worker Population 2009- 2013 Forecast: http://www.gotomypc.com/remote_access/images/pdf/How_to_Equip_Your_Company_for_the_New_Mobile_Workforce.pdf; accessed on June 11, 2014.
Teh, B., Patrick, C., Loh, Y., Ong, T., & Hong, Y. (2013). Enhancing the Implementation of Telecommuting in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(7).
Tsui, A. S. (2004). Contributing to global management knowledge: A case for high quality indigenous research. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 21(4), 491-513.
Tredup, H. F. (2016). Virtual: A Guide to Telecommuting, United States: Praca Print.
Tremblay, D. G. (2002). Balancing work and family with telework? Organizational issues and challenges for women and managers. Women in Management Review, 17(3/4), 157-170.
Watad, M. M., & Disanzo, J. F. (2000, January 15). MIT Sloan Management Review. Retrieved November 3, 2014, from The Synergism of Telecommuting and Office Automation: http://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-synergism-of-telecommuting-and-office-automation/
Webster, J. (2014). Shaping women's work: Gender, employment and information technology (London: Longman).
Wilson, M., & Greenhill, A. (2004). Gender and teleworking identities in the risk society: a research agenda. New Technology, Work and Employment, 19(3), 207-221.
Wright, K. B. (2015). 20 Workplace relationships: Telework, work-life balance, social support, negative features, and individual/organizational outcomes. Communication and Technology, 5, 397.
Wynarczyk, P. (2005). The impact of Connectivity technologies on e-flexible working practices of small and medium-sized enterprises in the North East of England. New Technology, Work and Employment, 20(3), 234-247.
Yee, M. K. (2014, March 7). It's Unclearly Defined, but Telecommuting is on the Rise. Retrieved April 21, 2014, from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/08/your-money/when-working-in-your-pajamas-is-more-productive.html?_r=0
Yordanova, G. (2015). Global Digital Workplace as an Opportunity for Bulgarian Woman to Achieve Work-Family Balance. The Dynamics of Virtual Work. Working paper 5.
Zailani, S., Dahlan, N., & Jallaludin, Y. H. (2009). E-business adoption among SMEs in Malaysia: Investigation from the supply chain perspective. Journal of Problems and Perspectives in Management, 7(4), 46-57.